An experimental method which enables one to measure directly the temperature distribution developed in a tool during orthogonal cutting is described. The technique depends on the physical phenomenon that any material melts at its inherent and definite melting point. The boundary between the melted and unmelted parts of a thin film deposited on the tool is considered to be an isotherm equal to the melting point of the film and gives the temperature distribution in the tool. The temperature at any position in the cutting tool can be estimated with satisfactory accuracy. Details are given of the method which has been recently developed by the author. Temperature distribution measured when high-carbon steel is cut was found to well illustrate the feasibility of the method under any practical cutting condition.