温暖化ガス対策と世界経済のガバナンス

抄録

  Former Prime Minister Hatoyama’s target of greenhouse gas emission reduction implies an extremely high marginal reduction cost. According to the simulation results by Japan Center for Economic Research, the required carbon tax to achieve the target is about 60,000 to 100,000 yen per 1 ton of CO₂ emission. As a required tax level on crude oil to Japan, the carbon tax would be 30,000 yen to 50,000 yen per barrel. The carbon tax revenue will be about 60 trillion yen to 100 trillion yen or 12 to 20% of Japan’s GDP. The cause of the very high levels of carbon tax rate is the relatively low price elasticity of energy demand in Japan. In order to avoid trade distortions, it is necessary to change WTO rules to allow border adjustment of carbon taxes across countries.