A・ラパポートの平和研究 -その思想的展開-

「平和研究」-その方法と課題-

抄録

The subject of this paper is to point out the philosophical characteristics of A. Rapoport in his peace research.
His peace research has been constructed with the integration of fruits of various diciplines. He takes the empirical science of man from general semantics, the basis of exact science from operational philosophy, and the torelant attitude toward culture from ethics of operationalism.
One direction of his peace research is a critique against modern strategical thoughts based on game theory. Since th game theory itself has no concern with scientific truth but only with mathematical validity, it is necessary to construct scientific frame work by experiments on various models of game. And since it is also a theory of rational choise, the game theory includes the problem of ethics. This is the reason that he critisizes severely the strategy of modern strategists based on the simplified game theory.
Introducing the concept of evolution into viewpoint of systems theory, Rapoport attempts to elucidate the conflicts in man-made environment (culture). He argues that the principle of survival of the fittest is unapplicable in the case of cultural evolution, which is another direction in his peace research. The author once discussed the life sciences approach to peace research founded on the bio-evolution theory of Kinji Imanishi. Imanishi's theory of evolution is essentially non-Darwinian. His theory as well as Rapoport's is non-Darwinian systems which suggest a new point of view and a wider, deeper prospect for peace research.
Recently, Rapoport defined war as an organized crime. This definition of war implies the right to resist the organized crime and the possibility of war among criminal organizations (states). In this definition of war we see the development of his philosophy of war.
Now that peace research should be constructed by integrating related diciplines, Rapoport's peace research sets the pattern for peace research. On the other hand, we have another methodology of peace research in the method of Masao Maruyama's political studies. The origin of peace research in Japan is found in the method of Maruyama's political studies.