一九三〇年代のヨーロッパにおける地域的安全保障体制の形成

現代の安全保障

抄録

After the Second World War, many regional security systems, which are based on the Charter of the United Nations, have been organized, and have played an important part in international politics. It seems that the regional security systems had been introduced as a framework for organizing peace during the inter-war period.
Early in the 1920s, the League of Nations insisted on universalism, but the evolution of international affairs changed its attitudes toward the regional security systems. The security system based on the Locarno Treaties won the recognition of the League, and the Assembly recommended the application of the Locarno-type security pacts to other regions in September, 1926.
The rise of the revisionist tendencies and the influence of the World Economic Crisis also paved the way to the creation of regional organizations. In the mid-1930s, the orientation which aimed at the formation of the regional security systems resulted in the conclusion of the Pact of Organization of the Little Entente, the formation of the Balkan Entente, and the Baltic Entente. France and the Soviet Union began negotiations to create an Eastern Locarno at the end of 1933.
From the historical viewpoint, this paper examines the formations of the above-mentioned regional security systems by using the official documents of France, Great Britain, Germany, the Soviet Union and the United States, and the Japanese Foreign Ministry Archives. They aimed at the maintenance of the territorial status quo or pursued the restoration of the balance of power by organizing the regional security systems. However, they could only create the regional security systems within the framework of the League of Nations. In conclusion, the formation of the regional security systems in the mid-1930s shows that the regional security system as an institution had become established as a framework in organizing peace.