軍事技術の国際移転-第三世界への移転の要因と過程-

国際開発論

抄録

The large-scale transfers of conventional weapons to the Third World have become a matter of growing controversy in recent years. The amount of arms trade by developing countries has grown from less than 2, 700 million dollars in 1968 to 13, 000 million dollars in 1978 (SIPRI Yearbook 1979). In addition to this trend in a decade, a new phenomenon is in existence in the late period of the 1970s.
The new trend in the arms transfers patterns of the Third World that may occur in the 1980s will result from greatly increased indigenous production. The demands of developing countries for indigenous weapons may be supported by the military technology transfers, which are widely diffused from industrialized countries as an instrument of diplomatic, military and economic policy.
The purposes of this paper are several. The first is to describe the major causes of transfers of military technology. It is clear that first and foremost reason among the pressures for indigenous weapon production is a desire to reduce dependence for suppliers. In the 1980s, such recipients will be more independent vis-à-vis the suppliers than they are today. The second purpose is to show the comprehensive process and structure of the military technology transfers into developing nations. They will be able to acquire the method to build up the facilities for equipments through considerable technical assistance by the suppliers. And finally, they will develop and obtain wholly indigenous “R & D” and production capabilities.
Spreading sophistcated technology, and increasing the number of weapon suppliers, it will be impossible for existing international systems to accomplish worldwide arms control and disarmament.