中国の対日占領政策

日本占領の多角的研究

抄録

This paper deals with the change in the Republic of China's policy towards the Japanese Occupation. First, this paper examines the Republic of China's principal policy toward the Japanese occupation just after the end of World War II.
The discussion paper dated August 12, 1945, submitted to the Supreme National Defence Council, the supreme command in the War of Resistence in the Republic of China, revealed that China's attitude toward Japan was considerably harsh in the beginning. For instance, the revision of the Meiji Constitution, the return of the Emperor's prerogative to the Japanese people, and demilitarization of Japan were insisted on in the paper.
But both the domestic situation caused by the recurrence of the civil war with the Chinese Communist Party, and America's change of occupation policy towards Japan forced the Republic of China to change its policy towards Japan.
As for Chinese participation in the Japanese occupation, in August 1945, Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek expressed a desire to send one army of three divisions. But because of the unsettled conditions in China, he had to postpone sending Chinese troops to Japan. On this subject, a draft agreement was signed in Tokyo on July 20, 1946 between General Chu Shih-ming on behalf of the Chinese Government and General Paul J. Mueller on behalf of General MacArthur. According to this agreement, the Chinese occupation forces would be allocated to Aichi prefecture, in the middle of Honshu Island, and Chinese troops would disembark at the Nagoya Port. But, after all, the Chinese army could not land in Japan. In summer 1946, overall civil war between the Kuomintang and the Chinese Communist Party broke out.
As for the reparations policy for Japan, the Republic of China's position was very firm and Chinese leaders often insisted that they were most desirous of obtaining a larger share of reparations out of the current production from Japan.
On October 24, 1947, Dr. Wang Shih-chieh, Foreign Minister of the Republic of China, met with General MacArthur in Tokyo. General MacArthur then pointed out that China had already received a tremendous share of Japan's external assets in the form of capital goods within China, Manchuria and Formosa, and asked Dr. Wang how the Chinese could possibly expect Japan to produce sufficient goods and turn over a substantial amount of them to China, when Japan itself was just barely keeping alive with American assistance. The General indicated that in fact there was practically nothing to be given or taken from Japan. The United States had already determined to reconstruct and “foster” Japan facing a critical situation under the Cold War. Under these conditions the Republic of China's demand on reparations had to be weakened.