韓国「北方外交」の萌芽-朴正煕「平和統一外交宣言」の諸相-

朝鮮半島の国際政治

抄録

Germination of South Korea's ‘Nordpolitik’ was first evidenced by Park's declaration on June 23rd 1973 of ‘Special Statement on the Foreign Policy for Peace and Unification.’ The main political background of the declaration could be attributed to the friction in the U. S. -R. O. K. relationship symbolized by Nixon's gradual reduction plan of U. S. forces in South Korea.
South Korea's positive posture towards the North-South dialogue and its appeasement to the communist nations emerged as a result of South Korea's insecurity. In this process, the South Korean government enlarged the concept of the ‘non-hostile communist nations’ to include the P. R. C. and U. S. S. R., which was accompanied by growing tolerance of North Korea's participation in the debate of the Korean question and its affiliation in the United Nations.
As a consequence, South Korea was not able to adhere to the U. N. resolution 195-[III] any longer owing to the growing international status of North Korea and the realization of the P. R. C.'s representation in the United Nations. Therefore, Park's declaration was coupled with the apeasement towards the P. R. C. and U. S. S. R. by renouoncing its assertion as the sole legitimate government in the Korean Peninsula.
Around the time of Park's declaration, South Korean government, which left out of the aegis of the U. N., shared in part some of the U. S. S. R.'s view regarding the settlement of the Korean question. On the one hand, unofficial contact between South Korea and U. S. S. R. would be one of the aspect of ‘Asian Collective Security System’ offered by Brezhnev.
On the other side, at that time, P. R. C. began to give vent to the inability to achieve political rapproachment to R. O. K., since the P. R. C.'s recognition of ‘The Two Koreas’ formula, would be related to ‘The Two Chinas’ formula.
The subtle relationship R. O. K.'s relationship with P. R. C. and U. S. S. R. in the early 70s could be said as the archetype of the South Korea's ‘Nordpolitik’,