エルサルバドル 一九八四年-八九年 -PDC政権の五年間と ARENA 政権の誕生-

ラテンアメリカ-1980年代の国際関係と政治-

抄録

Since the civil war broke out in 1979 El Salvador has experienced many structual changes. Using reformist measures such as agrarian reform, nationalization of banks and foreign trade, three consecutive governments have. with the assistance of the U. S. government, worked hard for the democratization of the country during the past ten years. This was particularly true for the PDC (Christian Democratic Party) government. The party's leader and the well-known social democrat José Napoleón Duarte (JND) struggled hard to implement these reformist policies. However, the PDC lost public support, and ultimately the presidency, to the more conservative ARENA (The Nationalist Republican Alliance) party in 1989.
This paper analyzes the 5-year experience of the PDC government, focusing on the results of agrarian reform and the nationalization of banks. This report also deals with the limits and failure of the Duarte's peace efforts which JND started as his own initiative. Finally, through this analysis the author concludes that the present ARENA government does not enjoy absolute support from the public. If the current economic reactivation programme fails, the Salvadorans will shift support from ARENA to other political parties in the next elections, making the '90s a period of uncertainty for El Salvador.