中国の対台湾政策 -一九七九～一九八七年-

改革・開放以後の中国

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to analyze from a historical viewpoint, the characteristics of China's Taiwan Policy, and its decision-making primarily during the period 1979 to 1987, when the “peaceful unification” and “one country two systems” policies were formulated.
After Deng Xiao-ping's revival and the normalization of relations between the United States and China, China changed its Taiwan Policy drastically.
Firstly, China replaced its policy of “liberation” with the “peaceful unification” policy. During the “liberation” period, peaceful measures were the supplement to the use of force, but during the “peaceful unification” period, force became the supplement to peaceful measures.
Secondly, the “peaceful unification” and “one country two systems” policies were formulated in tandem beside the formulation and implementation of economic reforms. Both were based on similar thoughts, such as “Limited War Theory, ” pragmatism, economy-first, and peaceful coexistence.
Thirdly, Taiwan Policy began to include some consideration of the Nationalist government and the Taiwanese people. China appealed to Taiwan for the opening of “three direct communications” and the start of Cross-Strait talks with no precoditions. At the same time, China extended the object of the United Front. Some native Taiwanese businessmen were charmed by various business opportunities in mainland China which were carefully created by the Chinese authorities.
Fourthly, interaction between China's Hong Kong policy and its Taiwan policy was strengthened. China originally planned to take over Taiwan first, however, as Taiwan ignored China's proposal, China could not help taking over Hong Kong first, and using it as a model case of “one country two systems” to let Taiwan see.
Finally, China's diplomatic struggle against Taiwan was successful. The normalization of relations between the United States and China, and the Joint-Communique issued by both countries successfully isolated Taiwan.
In conclusion, although China did not have enough power to take over Taiwan though the use of force, she began to offer proposals which seemed to be profitable or acceptable. Taiwan was forced to change its “Three No Policy” cue to China's “peaceful unification” tactics and the subsequent diplomatic struggle.