朝鮮におけるウィルソン主義の変容 -解放前後期を中心に-

国際政治研究の先端4

抄録

After World War I, American diplomacy in the 20th century is characterized as being rooted in the Wilsonian principle. After entering the 21st century, the Wilsonian principle in American diplomacy is still powerful. By paying attention to such continuity, the first concern in this paper is to examine how the Wilsonian principle in American diplomacy operated in the process of establishing the government of South Korea after World War II.
The reason it is important to pay attention to Wilsonianism is that the Wilsonian principle is one of the standards by which the foreign policy of the United States was led, not only concerning ideals and humanism, but also in the sphere of national interest. In addition, the purpose of this paper is to examine the Wilsonian principle, including both the country of origin and countries falling under Wilsonian influence.
In particular, when Korea during the process of independence is considered, it was influenced by foreign trends of thought, repeating the conflicts related to those foreign trends of thought. The diplomacy of the Korean Provisional Government (KPG), initiated by Rhee Syngman, began to carry out its activities based on self-determination, which is one of Wilson's Fourteen Points. Strictly speaking, the Wilsonian principle was applicable only to European countries, and not to Asian countries such as Korea.
The idea of Korean trusteeship was prepared as a post-war plan of the United States, and was influenced by the Wilsonian principle. This idea was applied through U. S. -Soviet cooperation that was installed as a transition period to lead the colony of pre-war days to independence. Both sides of the U. S. -Soviet cooperation wanted to prevent the establishment of a hostile nation on the Korean peninsula during the transition period.
In addition, the Wilsonian principle was actively adopted by the military administrative officers who were inclined to the neo-Wilsonian ideology in regard to occupation policy and the establishment of the South Korean government by the United States. The South Korean policy of the United States tried to transplant American democracy, characterized as the Wilsonian principle, and to transplant the system and the values of the home country.
The influence of the United States over South Korea stands out because South Korea strongly trusts the power and leadership of the United States in the international sphere. There were wishes and actions to invoke the power of the United States for independence and establishing a South Korean government around the end of WWII.
At present, the friction between the United States and the Korean peninsula including North Korea is continuing. The friction is caused by the problems with national security, democracy and human rights. That is to say the confrontation over the Wilsonian principle.
South Korea has accepted the Wilsonian principle and has worked to modernize and drive economic development while repeating various trials and errors since the establishment of the government. It is important to make the best use of the experience accumulated in this process.