第三世界の開発に、日本の社会教育・公民館と地域づくりの原点を学ぶ

～フィリピン・レガスピ市との15年間の交流を通して～

抄録

The purpose of this paper is to examine the nature of and the relationship between Social Education/Kominkan and community development by looking at the 15-year Iida-city (Nagano Prefecture) - Legazpi-city (Philippines) exchange program.

The Legazpi development assistance program began in 2005 and is grounded in the theory of Participatory Local Social Development (PLSD). The third phase of this program has just been completed. PLSD is a theory that was developed and promoted by Yutaka Ohama as an alternative to typical third world development assistance frameworks that tend to ignore the structural and functional features of local society.

The aim of this framework is to enhance and integrate inner and outer systems through a process of specific and concrete activities based on an analysis of local society. Iida-city was involved in a series of processes that served as a model for local autonomy and governance that generate experience-based learning.

As the phases have progressed, the sense of autonomy and independence amongst the people and the organizations in Legaspi has been enhanced. Three key factors characterize these changes: (1) formation of a foundation for community organizations through the implementation of Participatory Approach (PA) / Social Preparation (SP), (2) formation of common norms in both the Legaspi city government and the local people, (3) formation of Technical Working Group (TWG) as a bond between inner and outer entities.

Community development workers support these activities in the field. They provide support for the formation of a community consciousness as well as organizational and capability building for people within the local community. Outside of the community, they take on the responsibility for the consciousness-raising and capability building of support organizations.

The programs in Legazpi, built on a PA and PLSD framework, has much in common with the spontaneous community development found in Iida city. This does not simply indicate a need to return to the origins of the Kominkan but also offers numerous suggestions and ideas for finding solutions and offering ways to deal with issues of local governance in a society that is facing population loss and with the rearing of the coming generation.