STUDIES ON THE IN VITRO MARKER TEST OF ECHO VIRUSES

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Within the past several yesrs, studies have been made of at least seven markers of poliovirus which can be determined by tissue culture, physical property and serological method, and which tend to discriminate between neurovirulent and attenuated strains. Strains possessing the d+ marker grow more rapidly than d- streains at low bicarbonate concentration under agar (1); strains possessing the MS⁺ marker grow more rapidly on the monkey kidney stable cell line than MS- strains (2); strains possessing the T⁺ marker grow readily at 40°C in contrast to the T^- strains (3); CF antigen of strains possessing the CFt⁺ marker are more resistent than CFt^-strains at various temperatures (4); strains possessing the A⁺ marker grow more rapidly on the primary human amnion cell than A^- strain (5); strains possessing the E⁺ marker elute more rapidly from an DEAE column than E^- strain (6). The most promising advance in the identification of virus strains is the intratypic sero-differentiation test investigated by McBride, Gard and Wecker (7), (8), (9). At the present time, the ECHO viruses consist of 28 serotypes. All 28 serotypes have been derived from the alimentary tract (and sometimes from the throat) of human beings. Many have been associated with outbreaks of benign aseptic meningitis (e, g., ECHO types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 16, 19, 21, 24, ), and paralysis (e.g., ECHO types 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 16). Although considerable attention should be paid to the studies on the properties of ECHO viruses, there is as yet very little information as to the general properties of the viruses in the tissue culture. The problem of the in vitro marker of ECHO viruses, that is to say, whether the in vitro marker test can be used in the ECHO viruses employing same method as for polioviruses, has been an interesting problem in the field of virulence of enteroviruses. The present paper deals with the multiplication of viruses in tissue culture and the in vitro marker test of ECHO viruses.