戦前日本における「国旗」制式統一過程と国定教科書

―文部省による制式決定（1940年）迄の経緯―

抄録

This paper reveals the great controversy surrounding the process of determining Prewar Japan’s national flag regulations through an analysis of government approved textbook descriptions. National flag regulation long remained unsettled, with an intense debate raging through the 1920’s and 1930’s.During the 1920’s the Japanese government failed to model to the public consistent, official national flag customs which contributed to the persistent controversy, in that the government did not recommended the rising of the national flag in public space on holidays, etc.

Emphasis on national flags customs varied. As a result, diverse views continued to be disseminated even government approved Textbooks. In December, 1930, the government issued an official notice determining national flag customs. However, there was a great deal of public opinion opposed to the new regulation. Flag customs promulgated in textbooks published by the Ministry of Education even differed from one another. Even though the issue was discussed by the House of Representatives, the controversy remained unresolved. The prewar Japanese government was unable to standardize flag custom. In 1940, the issue was finally resolved; the Ministry of Education produced a textbook that finally adopted the December, 1930 official notice on flag customs.

Public records government approved textbooks, and Diet records were utilizes in the research for this paper.