1950年代前半の岩国米軍基地と生活綴方

―恩田操による学校文集『デルタ』編纂とその反響に着目して―

抄録

During the Korean War (1950-53), Misao Onda (1916-96) implemented the pedagogical method of “Seikatsu-Tsuzurikata” (life writing) at a Kawashimo secondary school in Iwakuni city, Yamaguchi Prefecture. Through an analysis of Onda’s practices, this paper examines the range of the “SeikatsuTsuzurikata” movement in the early 1950’s in relation to U.S. military base problems.

First, this paper considers Onda’s compilation process of a collection of school essays, “Delta” No. 3. It originated from his investigation of essays that reflected children’s responses to Iwakuni U.S. military base problems within “Seikatsu-Tsuzurikata” assignments. He invariably used children’s diverse insights and thoughts as a starting point for his practices. This provided an opportunity for him to relativize Cold War thought. Second, this paper analyses the nature of the content of “Delta” No. 3. Its structure has two functions. The first is to coordinate the scope of the children’s perceptions and the depth of their thoughts, the second to promote their collaboration in engaging in life in a “military base town.”

Onda’s practice is closely related to the build up of the Cold War in East Asia. However, Onda’s practices show the realistic potential of “Seikatsu-Tsuzurikata” that takes up the trends of education influenced by political background of the Cold War.

Finally, this paper investigates the relationship between the nationwide response to “Delta” No. 3 with the planned publication of Ikutaro Shimizu, et al, The Child of the Military Base (1953). “Delta” No. 3 attracted attention nationwide as a pioneering example of “Seikatsu-Tsuzurikata” that took up military base problems. However, as interest in the subject grew, it was subjected to repeated editing and redirection. As a result, its original two functions and the opportunity of relativizing Cold War thought was eliminated.