プラトン・「理想国家」における教育論の構造

抄録

The aim of this essay is to show that Plato's educational theory of “Politeia” is based on his ontology and epistemology. With regard to “Politeia”, this has been considered by many Platonists of all ages is a treatise on “Justice”. However, I take the position that this is Plato's theory of education. Teleologically it is “Justice” (δικαλιοσυγη), methodologically it is “Education” (παιδεια), but both are joined together in the metaphysical idea of “Good” (η του αγαθsym;ουιδεα).
Proceeding from the above mentionned inner structure, I considered and analysed first of all what shape of system and method education takes in the “Ideal State”. For Plato the concrete basis of man's education is his nature (φυσιs). In the long process of education of his Ideal State everyone is chosen according to his virtue (αρετη) and assigned to the various classes of citizens. Thus the custodian who having attained wisdom (σοφια) belongs to the highes class is the philosopher-king. In him philosophy and politics are perfectly one.
The establishment of the Ideal State presupposes the formation of the man of the “Polis”, i. e. the citizen, and only by that becomes possible. Consequently, in the Ideal State education has to become a main subject, and in it the education of the custodians takes the central place. The characteristics of their education are : (1) all mathematical sciences are considered important as training the power of seeing things as they are ; (2) philosophy which contemplates the ideas is placed in the uppermost rank. At the base of the curriculum is hidden the big aim of education the “transformation of the soul” (ητεχγητηs περαθsym;ωγηs). From this Plato leads to the comprehension of the “Idea of Good”, and thus aims at man's logos-perfection. In this, it would seem, the foundation of Plato's educational theory consists.