抄録
I developed a framework of educational guidance based on “key competencies.” I created it mainly to develop students' thinking ability, judgment, and expressiveness in arithmetic and mathematics. In the framework, the concept of “application” is for students to use the content of arithmetic and mathematics as tools to communicate and express. I also developed another framework for educational guidance that crystallized “the enhancement of language activities” for arithmetic and mathematics. As a third framework, this one for educational guidance, I categorized my idea of the frameworks into these three: “things related to views of academic abilities and skills,” “a study focused on comprehension,” and “a study to train students in thinking ability, judgment, and expressiveness.” To set up those three frameworks, for my categories I adopted the idea of “key competencies” and the concepts of “context and situation” and “competencies involved” through research of PISA. The “competencies involved” in mathematical literacy by PISA research are “reproduction,” “connections,” and “reflection.”
The “study focused on comprehension” develops the students' abilities of “reproduction” and “connections,” and the “study to develop thinking ability, judgment, and expressiveness” develops the students' abilities of “reflection.”
