Abstract
I have observed territorialism in Polygonia c-aureum (Nymphalidae). The outermost area connected with the one minute interval activity loci was treated as the "core area" (individuals staying over five minutes were treated as its owners). The average size of core area has varied from 30-181m^2 from late March to early May. The owner of the core area showed four patterns of behaviour, spiralling to the male of same species, courtship behaviours to the female of same species, and short chase or disregard of the other species. The core areas were defended by spirallings against males of the same species, so it is recognizable as "territory" (any defended area; Noble, 1939). Territories were held on sunny days in one season (March to May), in one daily period (12:30-15:00) and in one environment (sunlit forest edge). So there is a territorialism in overwintering populations of this species. It would be one of the mate-locating tactics.
