Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopy is one of the most effective application areas for deep ultraviolet (DUV) and
vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lasers. Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) is widely used in
advanced studies of solid-state materials because it can directly probe band structures. We developed a
continuous-wave (CW) DUV laser at 213 nm and a picosecond high-repetition-rate VUV laser at 114 nm
for ARPES applications. We generated the 213-nm laser by a fourth-harmonic generation with external
cavity frequency doublers and generated the 114-nm laser by two-photon resonant four-wave mixing in
Xe. Due to the sufficient high photon energies of the lasers, a wide energy range can be measured. CW
or high-repetition-rate laser operation reduces the space charge effect and consequently improves the energy
resolution of the measurement.
