This paper describes the terahertz electromagnetic pulses emitted when femtosecond laser pulses irradiate quantum wells, bulk semiconductors, and photoconductive antennas fabricated on low-temperature-grown GaAs substrates. The continuous-wave (CW) terahertz electromagnetic radiation emitted when these photoconductive antennas are excited by two single-frequency CW semiconductor lasers is also described, as are the applications of the resultant terahertz wave in fields such as imaging and spectroscopy.