Effect of the Surface Morphology of a Metal Film on Ion Yields in a Platinum-Film Surface-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Abstract

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and surface-assisted laser desorption ionization (SALDI) mass spectrometry (MS), which can detect biomolecules and polymers, are widely used in biochemistry and material science. Some compounds that are difficult to ionize using MALDI can be ionized using SALDI. However, it is difficult to obtain high ion yields using SALDI/MS. In this study, a fabricated platinum (Pt) film with nanostructures on the sample surface using a sputtering method was evaluated to determine the optimal metal film for ion yield in SALDI. The surface morphology of the Pt film was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), and ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) reflectance spectroscopy. The SEM, AFM, and TEM images of the Pt film showed the deposited metal film giving high ion yields of polyethylene glycol (PEG) in SALDI/MS with a Pt film (Pt-SALDI) that had a rough surface. The densities and reflectivity of films were analyzed by XRR and UV-Vis-NIR. The higher ion yields of PEG were obtained by Pt-SALDI with the Pt films with lower densities and reflectivity. This indicates that the deposition conditions for the Pt films significantly improved the ion yield in Pt-SALDI/MS. The Pt-SALDI has ionization capabilities different from those of MALDI. Therefore, optimization of Pt film for SALDI/MS and the MS imaging allows more compounds to be detected with higher sensitivity.