Abstract
The atomistic structure of metallic atom clusters is discussed based on the experimental results with the following conclusions: (1) When ultrafine particles of metals become smaller than the critical sizes corresponding to the nucleus size of the crystals, they behave as atom clusters and their atomistic structure changes as a function of the number of constituent atoms, i.e., the many-body potential. (2) Icosahedrons are formed first and change to the cuboctahedral structure before such atom clusters take the final crystal structures. (3) The phonon mode of these atomistic structures is very much softened, and thus the zigzag atom-chains are formed dynamically around the average position of atoms even in the cuboctahedral structure. (4) The hybrid orbital corresponding to the final crystal structure is formed when atom clusters grow to the critical size. As a result, the binding strength sufficiently increases along a certain crystal axis such as the ⟨110⟩ in the fcc structure and the ⟨111⟩ in the bcc one, so that atomic rearrangement can occur within the ultrafine particles, including disappearance of multi-twin in Au particles, to take the bonding state of crystals.
