Fabrication and Electrical Properties of PSZT Piezoelectric Ceramic Ring for Ultrasonic Welding Application

抄録

In recent years, ultrasonic welding technology has developed rapidly and is applied in many fields. The research and application of piezoelectric ceramic materials in ultrasonic welding have received significant attention from researchers and commercial manufacturers. In this work, we have studied, designed and fabricated piezoelectric ceramic materials described by the general formula Pb_(1−x)Sr_x(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)O₃ or (PSZT) with x = 0.6 mol%. In addition, the experimental fabrication process of PSZT piezoelectric ceramic transducer in the form of a ring by ball milling and solid-state reaction process are also presented. Adding hard dopants Sr²⁺ to the A (of Pb²⁺) position in the perovskite structure is considered to improve the dielectric and piezoelectric properties of Pb(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)O₃. The results show that the dielectric constant (ε_r) is 1707.4, and the dielectric loss (tan δ) is 0.0034 at room temperature and 1 kHz. The hysteresis loop of the non-polar PSZT piezoelectric ceramic sample shows the same behaviour as the hard PZT ceramic with a remnant polarization of 2.0 µC/cm² and a force field of 5.5 kV/cm. The Curie temperature (T_C) is determined to be about 342°C. The piezoelectric properties of the PSZT piezoelectric ceramic ring were also measured: the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient (k_eff) of 0.40, electromechanical coupling coefficient (k_p) of 0.48, mechanical quality factor (Q_m) of 270.92, piezoelectric coefficient (d₃₃) is 314 pC/N, respectively. This result demonstrates that the fabrication process of Pb_1−xSr_x(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)O₃ or (PSZT) ceramic rings with x = 0.6 mol%, exhibiting superior characteristics, is entirely suitable for practical applications such as the production and substitution of piezoelectric sensors for high-power ultrasonic welding technology operating at a resonant frequency ranging from 30 to 40 kHz.