Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are composed of a lipid bilayer that is produced by various cell types and contain proteins, microRNA, and mRNA. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs)–derived EVs have emerged as promising therapeutic agents of regenerative medicine and immune modulation. In this review, I focus on strategies for MSC–derived EVs based cell–free therapies. I discuss the requirements for culture condition, collection method, and manufacturing of MSC–derived EVs along their path from laboratory to clinical application. In addition, I discuss the challenges of clinical use of MSC–EVs for the future.
