Abstract
Non–heated concentration membrane system has been developed by using FO (Forward Osmosis) and MD (Membrane Distillation) membrane. FO mainly removes water with osmotic pressure difference between Feed Solution (FS) and Draw Solution (DS). On the other hand, MD mainly removes solvent such as acetonitrile with vapor pressure difference between FS and Cooling Water (CW). This system is applied to pharmaceutical manufacturing processes that are sensitive to heat and pressure such as peptides and oligonucleotides. This is the only one technology which can concentrate the liquids without heat and pressure, and control liquid composition at the same time. This review includes the test results with the cyclic peptide solution, which demonstrates the potential of the FO–MD system in pharmaceutical manufacturing processes.
