Abstract
In this study, we developed programs for teaching statistical probability to the third grade
in elementary school. A purpose of this study is to improve recognition of probability among
children; another is to evaluate the effect of the lessons. The paradigm for these teaching
programs emerged out of Okabe’s 2006 curriculum, based on the standard Van Hiele theory.
The concrete educational objectives of the programs are for students to enumerate
elementary events, and compare probabilities. As a result of the educational practices, it is
clear that: (a) In the pre-test, the third-graders were at a stage to judge subjectively (the
zeroth standard), that is, they enumerated elementary events and compared the
probabilities; (b) However, in the post-test, they developed to the next stage, and judged the
result of the experiment as premise (the first standard).
