巫と火 : 朝鮮シャマニズムにおける聖火の行事(<特集>シャマニズム研究)

抄録

In Korean, Manchurian and Mongolian shamanism there are found various forms of fire rites. Those in Korean shamanism may be classfied as follows : 1) The burning of paper : a) at the first part of the rite (purification) b) at the end of the rite (divination) 2) The burning of the following sacred objects : a) burning paper dolls which represents the dead man's soul invited to the ceremony. b) burning paper tablets which symbolize the god in the family protection rites. 3) The burning of the following objects in healing rites : a) burning paper in the rites for eye disease. b) moxibustion (burning the moxa plant on the skin) in rites for the insane. c) burning a hut in which a curing ceremon for the insane is performed. 4) The ritual use of words and characters repre senting "fire" : a) words representing "fire" as found in the sacred songs of the female shaman b) magical characters which contain the lette "fire" written in red by the male shaman Generally speaking, these performances of fin rites in Korean shamanism seem to be rather mill in comparison with those of Manchuria and Mongolia. In the latter we frequently find vigorous and unusual performances ; for example, the rite involving the manipulation of red-hot iron by the Mongolian shaman or the rite of eating burning incense sticks by the Manchurian shaman. Such self-punishing and violent rites tend to be foreign to Korean psychology.