「差異」概念に対する認識論的差異についての一考察 : 「共生教育」の体系化に向けて

抄録

Public interest in "symbiosis" has been rising since the late 1980s due to society's needs. As a result, "symbiotic education" has been discussed in education field as well. There are so many different ways of viewing "symbiosis", and it is poorly systemized. It would seem that the present society needs a systemized symbiotic education because there are many problems such as globalization, elderly society, foreign labors, suicide and much more. However, to respond to such situations, it is necessary to educate "symbiosis" on each case without waiting for the "symbiosis education" to be systemized. This paper discusses whether the systemized "symbiosis education" is needed or not. I would like to focus on investigating what the concept of "difference" is when talking about "respect for difference." In doing so, I would also like to clarify "epistemological difference". The core of "symbiosis" theory is a respect for "difference" although it has been causing discriminations. I have defined two kinds of "difference", "Static difference" and "Dynamic difference". The "static difference" is a difference based on sameness such as the one between "disability people/ healthy people" or "foreigners/Japanese" etc. The "Dynamic difference" is a difference that cannot be categorized or bordered, such as existence itself. I would like to consider these two "differences" clearly from epistemological point of view. It seems to be too forceful to try to generalize one theory as the "symbiosis theory" since there are varieties of "symbiosis theories" and each theory seems to have its good points. In order to prevent forcefulness but still to systemize "symbiotic education," it is critical to realize there is epistemological difference and consider "difference" from various points of views. Please note that "symbiosis" in this paper only applies to humans at this point.