モーゲンソーにおける〈近代〉批判

―あるいは彼の（国際）政治思想に 「リアリズム」 として接近することの限界―

抄録

  This paper proves that the kernel of Morgenthau's Scientific Man vs. Power Politics is not in defense of the pursuit for power but critique of modernity. In modernity, he thinks, normative ethics disappears under the reign of rationalism which substitutes “laws of causality” for “laws of morality” and as a consequence “the scientific approach” governs both politic sand ethics. Then it becomes clear that to focus only on his critique of liberalism in disregard of his critique of Marxism and Nazism is to misunderstand this normative concern. Lastly, it is argued that Morgenthau has gloomy prospect of man in modernity as “Scientific Man”, which is thought to be similar to Friedrich Nietzsche's “die letzten Menschen” and Max Weber's “Fachmenschen ohne Geist, Genußmenschen ohne Herz”, in that, according to Morgenthau, modern man cannot fail to aggravate the struggle for power by embracing the political religions which promise salvation from suffering of this world.