インドネシアの教育制度と社会科教育

抄録

After the independence day August 17, 1945, education system of Indonesia was not established because of the confusion in economic and political problems. However, step by step the Government made the policy for developing national education.
The first curriculum was not developed in 1956 and then renewed in the year of 1963 and 1968. Recently we have the new one, developed in 1975.
By the way, we had the education system since the Hindu culture entered Indonesian society, and the Hindu religion penetrated, so the education activities were usually held at the Hindu temples, which we called Pade pokan (about 700 BC).
After the Islamic religion came on, we had Pesantren system for the Muslim who want to study deeply about Islamic religion, and the center of the education activities were in the mosks. This Pesantren was opened after about the 15th century.
During the Dutch colonial days, the national education was not developed, but Pesantren education system were continued.
Since the year of 1908, the Dutch colonial government opened schools for both their children and the common people. Therefore the people who entered schools were not many. After 1928, schools belonged to the educated-class and it was more necessary to develop and spread education among all the common people in the Indonesian archipelago.
Today, we have two school systems for the same purpose, but they different in responsibility and management administration. One is organization of school system under responsibility of the Ministry of Education and Culture, and other under responsibility of the Ministry of Religion Affairs.
Generally speaking, the education of Social Studies field in Indonesia has been using this system since the 1975 Curriculum was established. However, before using this system, for example in the 1963 Curriculum, we used many different kinds of courses for learned Social Studies. For example; History, Economy, Cooperation system, Geography, Sociology, etc, were established as one field to study.
Since the 1975 Curriculum, the system has been changed as following:
1. For the Elementary Schools and Lower Secondary Schools, we teach Social Studies above mentioned.
2. For the Upper Secondary Schools and up we use continuing system like the 1968 Curriculum.
And basic purpose of national education is PANCASILA which is the 1945 Constitution as the declaration of the independence of Republic of Indonesia.