漱石における個人と国家(下)(<特集>夏目漱石・「夢十夜」)

抄録

As Soseki has already declared his recollection on "My Individualism" and others, chiefly based on his personal experiences through the first high-junior school ages, the views of Soseki can most clearly be understood concerning 'Individual' and 'State' in them. At that time, the liberal civil rights movement failed, which was considered as the first democratc one in Japan, and the new current of nationalism began to pervade through school education innuenced by national power. On the contrary, Soseld regarded himself as a peculiar man, namely 'against the current of times' and took a critical attitude to it, situated 'as a human being, one element of society.' Soseki took account of the issue, "About walt Whitman's Poetry", which is advocated a complete equalitarianism. Walt Whitman is famous for the representative of equaliterianism in the literary world. On the other hand, he tried to unite the realism which is a kind of nationalism as "Junior High School Improvement Policy", indicated it evidently, with equalitarianism. Moreover, there exists the 'evasion of conscription' Soseki eagerly protested. Therefore, we must a further consideration to this question. With the advance of militarism in Japan, Soseki had showed a keen interest in it and suffered form its contradiction by comparing his ideas with it. All the sentences that he wrote has a pessimistic shades of meaning and it seems to be gloomy and utterly senseless. At the same time, he could not easily run into the world just as the peace of mind and attain spiritual enlightment. On the other hand, he didn't dare to go into the dark side of life and look troubled. As he repeatedly expressed his views in "My Invidualism", he continued to realize the new social Individualism while originally aimed at accomplishing 'egotism' and 'equalitarianism'. We can easily find out Soseki himself as 'a struggling figure' in "My Individualism" and "The Asahi Collected Lectures", which was published from the end of meiji to the beginging of taisho.