Two Meanings of Substance

Kant’s First Analogy

Abstract

This paper argues that in the First Analogy of The Critique of Pure Reason, Kant expresses the concept of substance as having at least two mutually shifting meanings. These two meanings are systematically linked: absolutely permanent substance, and actually existing individual. Prior research has suggested that there is a substance as matter (singular) as well as substances as individuals (plural). To solve this, this study extends the analysis to the Anticipations of Perception as well as the Analogy. The dilemma is based on the other dilemma of absolute and relative persistence, which is resolved through these two meanings.