Department of Stroke Neurology, National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital, Osaka, Osaka, Japan

Division of Stroke Prevention and Treatment, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

Division of Stroke Care Unit/Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Department of Neurosurgery, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Department of Neurosurgery, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan

Department of Cerebrovascular Medicine, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan

Department of Neurology, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
Stroke Center and Department of Neurology, Shin-yurigaoka General Hospital, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan

Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Osaka, Japan

Department of Neurosurgery, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan

Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Shiga, Japan

Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Sendai Medical Center, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan

Department of Neurosurgery, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Gifu, Japan