Neurosarcoidosis Complicated by Noncommunicating Hydrocephalus with Atypical Presentation, Diagnosed and Treated with Endoscopic Surgery: A Case Report

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Neurosarcoidosis is a condition that is characterized by the occurrence of noncaseating epithelioid granulomas in various organs throughout the body, including the lungs, heart, and central nervous system. It is particularly prevalent in cases of noncommunicating hydrocephalus. While its clinical presentations may vary, neurological deficits such as hemiparesis are extremely uncommon. We herein present a case of unilateral hydrocephalus resulting from neurosarcoidosis presenting with hemiparesis. A 58-year-old woman exhibited right hemiparesis, altered mental status, and aphasia persisting for 1 month. Magnetic resonance imaging showed unilateral hydrocephalus of uncertain etiology. The patient underwent external ventricular drainage, endoscopic fenestration of the septum pellucidum (septostomy), and lesion biopsy, which led to a histopathological diagnosis. Hemiparesis can accompany unilateral hydrocephalus caused by neurosarcoidosis. Endoscopic procedures provide an effective option for the diagnosis and treatment of noncommunicating hydrocephalus caused by neurosarcoidosis.