酪農乳製品の産業構造に関する国際比較

国際産業連関表による日米欧比較分析

抄録

　This paper is a comparative study based on the 1985 edition of the International Input-Output Table, published by Japan's MITI (Ministry of International Trade and Industry), conducted to analyze the cost structure of the dairy industry in Japan, the USA, the UK and France using two analyses in the table. The first is a cost-share analysis in the dairy industry in the table. The second approach is a price simulation model. Both analyses are based on an aggregated Input-Output Table for eight industries. The results of the study in the four main industries indicate that, if Japanese dairy industry is to survive as the country opens its market, it must cut production costs in order to close the price gap between domestic and imported products. This, in turn, will require lower milk production costs as well as cost reductions in related sectors such as distribution and services.
　The results of the first analysis show that the Japanese dairy industry has a relatively low cost input structure; it is similar to France and the UK in terms of general costs. It has a low input structure compared with the USA, the UK and France in terms of the costs of raw materials (i.e. milk). With respect to the cost of services and distribution, the Japanese market has a high cost input structure compared with the other three countries.
　The second analysis is aimed at clarifying the effects of price fluctuations in individual sectors on the industry as a whole. Results indicate that Japan's influence to the price fluctuations in the milk production (material) sector is lower than that of USA, however, is larger than that of UK and France. In Japan, lower prices of raw materials have little impact on the retail price of dairy products, while cost reductions in other sectors such as manufacturing, services and distribution influence dairy products' end price.