世紀的転形期における農法の解体・独占・再生

抄録

This article reviews the history and presence of Japanese agriculture in terms of farming systems and discusses the formation of fundamental subjects for the new century. It is constructed of three sections: History, Status Quo and View for the 21st Century. In History, I treat as a problem why technological providence in agriculture was refuted while agronomy progressed quickly in modern Japan. More concretely, I discuss agronomy theory and circulation of the material model generated by J.V. Liebig, the pioneer of modern agronomics. As a result, modern agronomy has worked to recover from the breakdown of materials circulation in modern agriculture through external supply. In Status Quo, I pick up a strategy on agricultural technology of the agribusiness. In mid-1980s, the progress of GMO technology generated a new situation that enabled agribusiness to dominate world agriculture in support of the strengthening of intellectual ownership systems and approving a patent system for organisms. I consider this as the center of globalization in the area of agricultural technology, and it continues to collide with agro-system locality and species variety in the long-term. In View for the 21st Century, I consider the subject of establishing cyclical agriculture, a new farming system related to the establishment of the cyclical society. Specifically, I point out that we must integrate agriculture into society anew for the purpose of evolving with the social structure as it changes to a cyclical society in the 21st century. For this purpose, it is necessary that we create a rural civil society; that is, create a valid vision for constructing local life-networks based on local symbiosis and material economics.