Abstract
The mesiolingual randtubercle located on the mesiolingual corner of the protocone is one of the anomalous variables of the maxillary molar. This prominence was found on the second left maxillary molar of a 20-year-old Chewa girl residing in East-Central Africa. By some dental anatomists, this anomalous tubercle is regarded as a homologue of the protoconule, which has been assumed to be a primitive structure. In the present case, however, the hypocone reduction is clear, and the oblique ridge is not observed at all. Moreover, the mesial marginal ridge is interruped by a mesial groove of this trait. Judging from these findings, the mesiolingual randtubercle in the human dentition may not have any phylogenetical significance.
