Immunosuppressive regimen for pancreas transplantation is currently almost the same as that for kidney transplantation in Japan. A number of clinical trials, such as avoidance or withdrawal of steroids, use of mTOR inhibitor, etc, have been carried out abroad. T-cell depleting antibody has been commonly used as an induction therapy. For islet transplantation, various clinical trials in immunosuppressive therapy have been carried out after Edmonton protocol. Minnesota group reported long-term graft survival using antithymocyte globulin (rATG), TNF-a inhibitor,cyclosporine and everolimus. In Japan, a new clinical trial has started using calcineurin inhibitor, MMF rATG and TNF a inhibitor
