Many otolaryngological operations that had been performed under local anesthesia previously are now conducted under endotracheal anesthesia. But other types of anesthesia may be beneficial in decreasing the amount of blood loss during operations.
1. Ketamine anesthesia has been used in operations for chronic sinusitis and fracture of the nasal bone. Although the amount of bleeding is usually greater than other methods this is an excellent method in children because ketamine can be administered intramuscularly.
2. Epontal anesthesia was used for correction of fractures of the nasal bone and for myringomy. Admission of patients is usually not necessary as the patients awake quickly from this anesthesia.
3. NLA has been applied for laryngomicrosurgery and sinusectomy. One can obtain a better exposure in laryngomicrosurgery as compared with endotracheal anesthesia. This method has also been proved to be effective in sinusectomy.
4. Acupuncture was tried for sinusectomy, tonsillectomy and for extraction of teeth. The overall effectiveness has been 64%.
