We review the recent investigations on surface-mode phonons as a powerful tool for the study of solid state physics. First, the propagation characteristics of surface phonons are presented in some detail; attenuation in insulators and amplification in piezoelectric semiconductors. Second, special emphases are placed on the phonon focusing in anisotropic crystals as well as phonon reflection at stress free solid surfaces. Finally, recent topics on phonon transmission at solid-liquid helium interfaces are reviewed with emphasis on the role of the surface-mode phonons.