A patient with a xanthochromic submucosal tumor-like tumefactive lesion, identified in the lower rectum during periodic colonoscopy, was referred to our hospital for further examination and treatment. Through magnified endoscopic observation using NBI, dilated, tortuous microvessels were visible, primarily in the apex of the lesion. The lesion appeared as a hypoechoic, submucosal mass in EUS. The third layer was compressed and displaced by the tumor. ESD, performed as a diagnostic therapy, led to the final pathological diagnosis of an inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP). IFP occurring in the rectum is extremely rare and we report here a valuable case that we experienced recently, along with a review of the literature.
