Recently, the discussions-for example, reconstruction of Mandan Economics from the view of evolutionary thinking, or placing Marx in the stream of modern evolutionary economics- is becoming active. The purpose of this paper is considering where we should look for the basis of those ideas. The past discussion about letters between Marx and Darwin had been concluded that both were not on scientifically friendly terms. But we can confirm that Marx was surely influenced from Darwinism and the other theories about biological evolution. In particular, we should turn our attention to that Marx thought highly of P. Tremor's achievement about the interaction between evolution of species and fluctuation of geological features. Subsequently, J. A. Schumpeter thought highly of Marx's vision of "economic evolution" and also criticized it severely. Both have one point in common that they consider "economic evolution" theoretically based on historical evidences. On the other hand, both are different in two points. One is their ways of thinking about human attitude and human behavior. Marx regarded human factors as accidental ones, but Schumpeter regarded them as engines of "economic evolution". The other one is their point of views about "endogenous mechanism". Marx considered the source of endogenous change as growth of production capacity. but Schumpeter considered it as Entrepreneurship. We recognize that Marx' opinion is superior to Schumpeter's one. But the idea of Schumpeter and T. Veblen about human factors complements Marx's materialistic view of history. So their harmony is useful for development of the argument about "economic evolution". Finally, the original view of "economic evolution" meets the prerequisite of "evolutionary" at modern evolutionary economics? At modern evolutionary economics, there are two standpoints: one is that they use the ideas of biological evolution as analogy. The other one is that they emphasis the originality of economic evolution which is different from biological evolution. From the view point of the latter, we conclude the view of Marx and Schumpeter should be placed in the theoretical stream of modern evolutionary economics.
