数学利用におけるマル経/近経問題(<特集>経済学の数理的方法と記述的方法)

抄録

Generally speaking, mathematical modeling is more advanced in modern economics than in Marxist economics. However, why? One way to answer is to focus on the characteristics of the modern economics which ignore what mathematics is not good at. However, another way to answer is to focus on the attitude of Marxist economists who do not like optimization theory. In my understanding, this attitude is a big mistake because materialistic concept of human being is same as that of modern economics; rational economic man. Even if human beings are living not only for their interest but also for justice, justice itself is an ideology which justifies the interests. In this sense, we built two types of Marxist model based on its optimization theory: one is Lenin's model of imperialism, and the other is 'Marxist optimal growth model'. The former model expresses the mechanism of uneven development of capitalist countries that is catching-up of the developing countries to the advanced countries by means of international capital flow. Here, we replaced an assumption of diminishing return technology which Lenin assumed as that of increasing return technology which is introduced Krugman's model of uneven development. The other model has two sectors like Marx's reproduction equations, and explains why capitalism appeared after the industrial revolution, why it developed, and why it will die in the future. While prof. Okishio proved the exploitation of labor by the capitalists, we proved the historical materialism. One more important characteristic of mathematical modeling is that it makes sciences to progress incrementally, and this characteristic gives the modern economics a tendency to avoid challenging researches in referee system of their journals, and it should be the normal way of progress of sciences. However, this type of attitude becomes a obstacle to explain phenomenon which have not been seen before or not been fit for their ideologies. In this sense, mathematics has to be used by ideology-free scientists; that is Marxists. In this paper, we also referred characteristics of 'area studies' comparing with Marxist methodologies.