Development of the Japanese Version of the Academic Delay of Gratification Scale for Undergraduate Students

Abstract

This study developed a Japanese version of the Academic Delay of Gratification (ADOG) Scale, based on the original language scale created by Zhang, Maruno, Karabenick, and Lauermann (2011), and investigated its reliability and construct validity. Japanese undergraduates (N=394) completed the new scale. Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a one-factor structure. The students' ADOG score correlated positively with effortful academic behavior, use of metacognitive strategies, planned studying and the average of weekly study time, and negatively correlated with less sustained studying. The internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and construct validity of the scale were confirmed.