日本のバスケットボール競技におけるゾーンディフェンスの採用過程に関する史的研究(1930年代―1940年代初期):オフェンスとディフェンスとの相関関係に着目して

抄録

The present study focused on correlation between basketball tactics used in Japan during 1930s and early 1940s, and was intended to clarify the background of how the various zone defense, those which had rarely been adopted until then, came to be adopted.

The study results can be summarized as follows.

In Japan of 1930s, the man-to-man defense was adopted as defensive tactics in most of basketball teams, and few teams adopted the zone defense. For this reason, in Japan at that time, the zone-attack, an offensive tactics to break zone defense, had declined. In addition, by the frequent use of the ball screen play as offensive tactics, effectiveness of zone defense became more easily recognized. Moreover, in Japan, a lot of teams adopted the fast break, and the need for the zone defense enable to attempt the fast break with a defense formation had been growing, in late 1930s.

Through this process of dissemination, the zone defense was first adopted by a Japanese team from late 1930s, and by early 1940s, the zone defense had become one of the main defense tactics. The zone defense adopted in Japan since the end of 1930s include not only 3-2 zone defense, which were adopted in 1924, but those like 2-3 zone defense, or 2-1-2 zone defense were also adopted.