Detection of indirect dominance by China on the global shareholding network

Abstract

We investigate indirect dominance by China on the global shareholding network using a dataset that contains information on shareholding for about 300 million firms and 140 million people worldwide. First, we extend the percolation model on the network to detect the dominance relationships as a subgraph (sub-network) on the global shareholding network. This model decides whether to be able to dominate companies (to percolate nodes), not only by the direct ownership, but also indirect ownership through the dominated companies. Next, we observe world dominance by Chinese owners and American companies (investment companies and GAFA) by controlling the ownership ratio required for domination. When Chinese owners cooperate, world domination is greatly expanded. China dominates 47% of all worldwide employees by an indirect shareholding ratio over 1%. Chinese domination on Tax Haven areas, France, South Africa, Nigeria is prominent. France has many stocks of companies in Africa, the former colony. Domination has a hierarchical structure. That is, China dominates African companies through French companies. The mining industry is particularly under great domination. However, Chinese dominance of the world is strong, but dominance by American companies is even stronger.