5　連戦連敗の移行期正義　インドネシアと東ティモールにおける責任追及の軌跡1998〜2010年

抄録

The paper reviews the progression of politics over criminal justice in Indonesia and East Timor from 1998 to 2010 and shows that the lack of sustained political will on the part of the international community and the fluid domestic political situation in Indonesia led to the failure and ultimate collapse of the entire post-conflict justice process. The paper takes up two human rights cases as examples, namely, the political violence surrounding the UN-organized independence ballot in East Timor in 1999 and the Tanjung Priok incident that occurred in Jakarta in 1984. The main struggle was fought over the persecution of high-ranking Indonesian officers who were accused of masterminding, authorizing, or tacitly supporting the crimes against humanity in East Timor. The process was intentionally delayed and the political leadership in Indonesia and the international community both failed to keep up the sustained demand for justice. The failure in this model case eventually affected the domestic judicial process in East Timor and the progress of the Tanjung Priok case in Indonesia.

The paper also describes the cynical worldview of Indonesian high-ranking officers who were involved in the East Timor operation. Finally, the paper draws lessons from these failures. First, Indonesia should have been fully integrated into the post-conflict peacebuilding process. Second, the Indonesian Armed Forces were badly neglected after they left East Timor. Some kind of security sector reform (SSR) would have been desirable, preferably under international supervision. And third, the international community failed to reveal the truth of the conflict, the truth that many western powers were also responsible for the conflict. To address the grievances of the Indonesian soldiers that they alone were accused, an international truth commission could have been established in order to clarify the responsibility of the international actors.