3　ジェンダーの視点と脱植民地の視点から考える安全保障　軍事主義を許さない国際女性ネットワーク

抄録

This article introduces and analyzes the activities of the International Women’s Network Against Militarism (IWNAM), a transnational network of feminists living in communities that host US troops or military bases in Okinawa, mainland Japan, Korea, the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Guam, Hawai’i and the continental United States. It was launched in 1997, inspired by Okinawa Women Act Against Military Violence, who has stressed the need for a redefinition of security and has challenged the current militarized security systemfroma gender perspective, that problematizes the gender hierarchy of patriarchal structures.

Through network activities that have built transnational solidarity, IWNAM members have identified common problems faced by host communities that are often trivialized in militarized security discourse and policies. The negative impacts of militarism are wide ranging but can be summarized in three categories: sexual violence, destruction of livelihood, and disrespect for the identities of people in host communities. These are manifestations of violence inherent in militarized security systems that impose a disproportionately heavy burden on marginalized and less politically-powerful groups of people such as those in former colonized areas and women in host communities.

Sexual violence committed by US soldiers includes sexual crimes as well as the system of sex industries around US bases established mainly in Okinawa, Korea, and the Philippines. For IWNAM members, sexual violence is central to their analytical framework regarding militarized security that is deeply gendered. In recent years, IWNAM members, particularly those in Puerto Rico, Guam, Hawai’i, and Okinawa, which were colonized by the United States and/or Japan, have increasingly maintained that the current militarized security is supported by continuing colonialismand racismthat deny the dignity of people of the host communities and continue to oppress them.

The article concludes by stating that IWNAM calls for a feminist perspective of peace and security.