EFFECTS OF DELAY OF REINFORCEMENT AND INCENTIVE VALUE ON CHILDREN'S LEVER PULLING RESPONSE

YOSHIO SHIROIWA

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.17.17

幼児のレバー引き反応に及ぼす延滞強化と誘因価の効果

白岩義夫

著者情報

ジャーナルフリー

1975 年 17 巻 1 号 p. 17-24

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.17.17

詳細

発行日: 1975/05/30 受付日: 1974/11/20 J-STAGE公開日: 2009/02/24 受理日: - 早期公開日: - 改訂日: -
訂正情報
訂正日: 2009/02/24 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 引用文献情報訂正内容: Wrong : BRACKBILL, YVONNE, & JACK, D. 1958 Discrimination learning in children as a function of reinforcement value. Child Development, 29, 185-190.
BRUNING, J. L. 1964 Effects of magnitude of reward and percentage of reinforcement on a lever movement response. Child Development, 35, 281-285.
COWLES, J. T. 1937 Food-tokens as incentives for learning by chimpanzees. Comparative Psychology Monograph, 14, No. 71. Cited by B. J. Underwood, Experimental Psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. 1949, p. 171.
HARKER, G. S. 1956 Delay of reward and performance of an instrumental response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51, 303-310.
HOROWITZ, FRANCES D. 1962 Incentive value of social stimuli for preschool children. Child Development, 33, 111-116.
LINDQUIST, E. F. 1953 Design and analysis of experiments. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin.
PERIN, C. T. 1943 The effect of delayed reinforcement upon the differentiation of bar responses in white rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 95-109.
PERKINS C. C. Jr., 1947 The relation of secondary reward to gradients of reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37, 377-392.
RABINOWITZ, F. M. 1966 Conditioned stimulus duration and delay of reward as variables in a lever pulling situation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 3, 225-234.
RAMOND, C. K. 1954 Performance in instrumental learning as a joint function of delay of reinforcement and time of deprivation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 248-251.
RIEBER, M. 1961 The effect of CS presence during delay of reward on the speed of an instrumental response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 290-295.
SHEIKH, A. A. 1968 Children's response speed as a function of delay of reward at different distances from the goal and incentive value. Psychonomic Science, 11, 201.
SHIROIWA, Y., ONO, T., & MIZUNO, S. 1970 Studies on the effect of delayed reward with CS presentation and with varied amount of reward in children's lever pressing situation. Annual Report of Natural Science and Home Economics of Kinjo Gakuin University, 10, 1-10. (In Japanese)
SPENCE, K. W. 1956 Behavior theory and conditioning. New Haven: Yale University Press.
STEVENSON, H. W. 1972 Children's learning. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
WOLFE, J. B. 1936 Effectiveness of token_??_wards for chimpanzees. Comparative Psychology Monograph, 12, No. 60. Cited by B. J. Underwood, Experimental Psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. 1949, p. 171.

Right : BRACKBILL, YVONNE, & JACK, D. 1958 Discrimination learning in children as a function of reinforcement value. Child Development, 29, 185-190.
BRUNING, J. L. 1964 Effects of magnitude of reward and percentage of reinforcement on a lever movement response. Child Development, 35, 281-285.
COWLES, J. T. 1937 Food-tokens as incentives for learning by chimpanzees. Comparative Psychology Monograph, 14, No.71. Cited by B. J. Underwood, Experimental Psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. 1949, p.171.
HARKER, G. S. 1956 Delay of reward and performance of an instrumental response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51, 303-310.
HOROWITZ, FRANCES D. 1962 Incentive value of social stimuli for preschool children. Child Development, 33, 111-116.
LINDQUIST, E. F.1953 Design and analysis of experiments. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin.
PERIN, C. T. 1943 The effect of delayed reinforcement upon the differentiation of bar responses in white rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 95-109.
PERKINS C. C. Jr., 1947 The relation of secondary reward to gradients of reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37, 377-392.
RABINOWITZ, F. M. 1966 Conditioned stimulus duration and delay of reward as variables in a lever pulling situation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 3, 225-234.
RAMOND, C. K. 1954 Performance in instrumental learning as a joint function of delay of reinforcement and time of deprivation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 248-251.
RIEBER, M. 1961 The effect of CS presence during delay of reward on the speed of an instrumental response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 290-295.
SHEIKH, A. A. 1968 Children's response speed as a function of delay of reward at different distances from the goal and incentive value. Psychonomic Science, 11, 201.
SHIROIWA, Y., ONO, T., & MIZUNO, S. 1970 Studies on the effect of delayed reward with CS presentation and with varied amount of reward in children's lever pressing situation. Annual Report of Natural Science and Home Economics of Kinjo Gakuin University, 10, 1-10.(In Japanese)
SPENCE, K. W. 1956 Behavior theory and conditioning. New Haven: Yale University Press.
STEVENSON, H. W. 1972 Children's learning. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
WOLFE, J. B. 1936 Effectiveness of token-rewards for chimpanzees. Comparative Psychology Monograph, 12, No.60. Cited by B. J. Underwood, Experimental Psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. 1949, p.171.

訂正日: 2009/02/24 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: PDFファイル訂正内容: -

訂正日: 2009/02/24 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 引用文献情報訂正内容: Wrong : BRACKBILL, YVONNE, & JACK, D. 1958 Discrimination learning in children as a function of reinforcement value. Child Development, 29, 185-190.
BRUNING, J. L. 1964 Effects of magnitude of reward and percentage of reinforcement on a lever movement response. Child Development, 35, 281-285.
COWLES, J. T. 1937 Food-tokens as incentives for learning by chimpanzees. Comparative Psychology Monograph, 14, No.71. Cited by B. J. Underwood, Experimental Psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. 1949, p.171.
HARKER, G. S. 1956 Delay of reward and performance of an instrumental response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51, 303-310.
HOROWITZ, FRANCES D. 1962 Incentive value of social stimuli for preschool children. Child Development, 33, 111-116.
LINDQUIST, E. F.1953 Design and analysis of experiments. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin.
PERIN, C. T. 1943 The effect of delayed reinforcement upon the differentiation of bar responses in white rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 95-109.
PERKINS C. C. Jr., 1947 The relation of secondary reward to gradients of reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37, 377-392.
RABINOWITZ, F. M. 1966 Conditioned stimulus duration and delay of reward as variables in a lever pulling situation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 3, 225-234.
RAMOND, C. K. 1954 Performance in instrumental learning as a joint function of delay of reinforcement and time of deprivation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 248-251.
RIEBER, M. 1961 The effect of CS presence during delay of reward on the speed of an instrumental response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 290-295.
SHEIKH, A. A. 1968 Children's response speed as a function of delay of reward at different distances from the goal and incentive value. Psychonomic Science, 11, 201.
SHIROIWA, Y., ONO, T., & MIZUNO, S. 1970 Studies on the effect of delayed reward with CS presentation and with varied amount of reward in children's lever pressing situation. Annual Report of Natural Science and Home Economics of Kinjo Gakuin University, 10, 1-10.(In Japanese)
SPENCE, K. W. 1956 Behavior theory and conditioning. New Haven: Yale University Press.
STEVENSON, H. W. 1972 Children's learning. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
WOLFE, J. B. 1936 Effectiveness of token-rewards for chimpanzees. Comparative Psychology Monograph, 12, No.60. Cited by B. J. Underwood, Experimental Psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. 1949, p.171.

Right : BRACKBILL, YVONNE, & JACK, D. 1958 Discrimination learning in children as a function of reinforcement value. Child Development, 29, 185-190.
BRUNING, J. L. 1964 Effects of magnitude of reward and percentage of reinforcement on a lever movement response. Child Development, 35, 281-285.
COWLES, J. T. 1937 Food-tokens as incentives for learning by chimpanzees. Comparative Psychology Monograph, 14, No.71. Cited by B. J. Underwood, Experimental Psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. 1949, p.171.
HARKER, G. S. 1956 Delay of reward and performance of an instrumental response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 51, 303-310.
HOROWITZ, FRANCES D. 1962 Incentive value of social stimuli for preschool children. Child Development, 33, 111-116.
LINDQUIST, E. F. 1953 Design and analysis of experiments. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin.
PERIN, C. T. 1943 The effect of delayed reinforcement upon the differentiation of bar responses in white rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 32, 95-109.
PERKINS C. C. Jr., 1947 The relation of secondary reward to gradients of reinforcement. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 37, 377-392.
RABINOWITZ, F. M. 1966 Conditioned stimulus duration and delay of reward as variables in a lever pulling situation. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 3, 225-234.
RAMOND, C. K. 1954 Performance in instrumental learning as a joint function of delay of reinforcement and time of deprivation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 47, 248-251.
RIEBER, M. 1961 The effect of CS presence during delay of reward on the speed of an instrumental response. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 290-295.
SHEIKH, A. A. 1968 Children's response speed as a function of delay of reward at different distances from the goal and incentive value. Psychonomic Science, 11, 201.
SHIROIWA, Y., ONO, T., & MIZUNO, S. 1970 Studies on the effect of delayed reward with CS presentation and with varied amount of reward in children's lever pressing situation. Annual Report of Natural Science and Home Economics of Kinjo Gakuin University, 10, 1-10.(In Japanese)
SPENCE, K. W. 1956 Behavior theory and conditioning. New Haven: Yale University Press.
STEVENSON, H. W. 1972 Children's learning. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts.
WOLFE, J. B. 1936 Effectiveness of token-rewards for chimpanzees. Comparative Psychology Monograph, 12, No.60. Cited by B. J. Underwood, Experimental Psychology. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, Inc. 1949, p.171.

抄録

108 kindergarten children served as Ss in lever-pulling experiment. They were divided into 3 incentive groups (Group High, Medium and Low) for “token” training in which incentive values were given according to the incentive conditions. Each of the 3 groups was subdivided into 2 additional groups of immediate (Group IM) and delayed (10 sec) reinforcement (Group D). In each trial, measures of starting and movement time of lever pulling response were taken. For both measures Ss of Groups IM responded faster than those of Groups D. In Groups IM, the higher the incentive, the greater was the movement speed. The data were interpreted in terms of the competing response hypothesis and motivational factor suggested by Spence (1956).

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