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THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS FIGURES UPON CRITICAL FUSION FREQUENCY (C.F.F) OF A FLICKERING SMALL PATCH
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1954 Volume 1954 Issue 1 Pages 34-44
Details
- Published: 1954 Received: March 20, 1954 Available on J-STAGE: February 24, 2009 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Correction information
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : Using bright silhouette figures, the influence on its surrounding field was examined by the method of the c. f. f. It was found that:
1. Value of c. f. f. decreased with the distance from the boundary line to the test patch. 2.
The brightness ratio of figure to its background increased, the effect decreased.
3. The range of the effect was greater in silhouette figures than in contour figures.
4. A difference was apparent between the effects of figure and figure line on the structure of the surrounding visual field
5. The effect of boundary line bisecting visual field was small.
6. The vicinity of the apex of a triangle, a rectangle and a square had peculiar effects on the visual field.
7. The range of the effect was different between horizontal and vertical direction in each figure.
These studies did not demonstrate the cause of these phenomena. But as the phenomena conformed to the results of sensitivity, the process of figure certainly had an influence on its surrounding field.
Finally, since the value of c.f.f. changed easily with various factors, Ss had to be well trained ones.
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: AUTHOR Details: Wrong : OHKAWA NOBUAKI1)
Right : NOBUAKI OHKAWA1)
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1) Bartley, S. H.: The basis of the flicker in the visual field surrounding the test object. J. exp. Psychol., 1936, 19, 342-350.
2) Bartley, S. H.: Vision. A Study of its Basis, NeW York, van Nostrand Co. 1941, 117-148.
3) Craik, K. J. W., & Zangwill, O, L.: Observations relating to the threshold of a small figure within the contour of a closed-line figure. Brit. J. Psychol., 1939, 30, 139-150.
4) Davson, H.: Physiology of Eye. London, J. & A. Churchill Lid. 1950,121-131.
5) Diamond, A. L.: Foveal simultaneous brightness contrast as a function of inducing and test-fieldtluminances. T, exp. Psychol., 1953, 45, 304-314.
6) Gelb, A.: Farbenpsychologische Untersuchungen. I. Gelb, A., and Granit, R. Die Bedeutung von “Figure” and ,Grund fur die Farbenschwelle. Zschr, f. Psychol., 1923, 93, 83-118.
7) Henes, R. M.: Some effects of shape on apparent brightness. J. exp. Psychol., 1950, 40, 650-654.
8) Kaneko, T. & Obonai, T.: Factors of Intensity, Quantity and Distance in Psychophysiological Induction. (Contributions to the Study of Psycho-physiological Induction. 39.) Tap. J. Psychol. , 1952, 23, 73-79.
9) Motokawa, K.: Field of retinal induction and optical illusion. J. Neurophysiol., 1950, 13, 413-426.
10) Motokawa, K.: Propagation of retinal induction. J, Neurophysiol., 1951, 14, 339351.
11) Motokawa, K.: Some remarks on measurements of electrical excitability of human eye. TohokvJ. exp. Med. , 1951, 54, 385-391.
12) Motokawa, K.: Retinal traces and visual perception of movement. J. exp. Fsychol., 1953, 45, 369-377.
13) Motokawa, K. & Ebe, M.: The physiological mechanism of apparent movement. J. exp. Psychol., 1953, 45, 378-386.
14) Naruse, G.: The Influence of Form upon the Visual-perception-threshold.Jap. J. Psychol., 1951, 21, (No. 3 & 4), 26-35.
15) Ohshima, M.: On inductionsphenomenon of retina. J. sei. of Labour, 1950, 26, 416-423.
16) Okada, T.: Studies on Contour-effect in Successive Exposition. Jap. J. Psychol., 1937, 12, 335-359
17) Studnitz, G. von: Physiologie des Sehens. Leipzig, Akad. Verlag. Geest & Portig K. -G. 1952, 393-408.
18) Takagi, K.: Effect of Figure Lines on the Structure of Visual Field. Jap. J. Psycho), , 1927, 2, 217-261.
19) Werner, H.: Studies on contour: I. Qualitative ana'yses. Ainer. J. Psychol., 1935, 47, 40-64.
20) Whitmer, C. A.: Peripheral form discrimination under dark adaptation. J. yen. Psychol., 1933, 9, 405-419.
21) Yokose, Z. & Uchiyama, M.: The Measurement of the Field-forces in Visual Perception. Jap. J. Psychol., 1952, 22, 41-56.
22) Yokose, Z. & Kawamura, H: A Study of the Direction of the Field Force in Shape Perception. (Report No. 1). Jap. J. Psychal., 1952, 23, 1-33-143.
23) Yokose, Z. & Ichikawa, N.: A Study of the Direction of the Field Force in Shape Perception. (Report No. 2). Jap. J. Psychol., 1593, 23, (No. 4), 261-274.
Right : 1) Bartley, S. H.: The basis of the flicker in the visual field surrounding the testobject. J. exp. Psychol., 1936, 19, 342-350.
2) Bartley, S. H.: Vision. A Study of its Basis, NeW York, van Nostrand Co. 1941, 117-148.
3) Craik, K. J. W., & Zangwill, O, L.: Observations relating to the threshold of a small figure within the contour of a closed-line figure. Brit. J. Psychol., 1939, 30, 139-150.
4) Dayson, H. Physiology of Eye. London, J. & A. Churchill Lid. 1950, 121-131.
5) Diamond, A. L.: Foveal simultaneous brightness contrast as a function of inducing-and test-fieldtluminances. J. exp. Psycho., 1953, 45, 304-314.
6) Gelb, A.: Farbenpsychologische Untersuchungen. I. Gelb, A., and Granit, R.: Die Bedeutung von “Figure” und “Grund” für die Farbenschwelle. Zschr, f. Psychol., 1923, 93, 83-118.
7) Henes, R. M.: Some effects of shape on apparent brightness. J. exp. Psychol., 1950, 40, 650-654.
8) Kaneko, T. & Obonai, T.: Factors of Intensity, Quantity and Distance in Psychophysiological Induction. (Contributions to the Study of Psycho-physiological Induction. 39.) Jap. J. Psychol., 1952, 23, 73-79.
9) Motokawa, K.: Field of retinal induction and optical illusion. J. Neurophysiol., 1950, 13, 413-426.
10) Motokawa, K.: Propagation of retinal induction. J, Neurophysiol., 1951, 14, 339-351.
11) Motokawa, K.: Some remarks on measurements of electrical excitability of human eye. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1951, 54, 385-391.
12) Motokawa, K.: Retinal traces and visual perception of movement. J. exp. Psychol., 1953, 45, 369-377.
13) Motokawa, K. & Ebe, M.: The physiological mechanism of apparent movement. J. exp. Psychol., 1953, 45, 378-386.
14) Naruse, G.: The Influence of Form upon the Visual-perception-threshold. Jap. J. Psychol., 1951, 21, (No.3 & 4), 26-35.
15) Ohshima, M.: On iductionsphenomenon of retina. J. sci. of Labour, 1950, 26, 416-423.
16) Okada, T.: Studies on Contour-effect in Successive Exposition. Jap. J. Psychol., 1937, 12, 335-359.
17) Studnitz, G. von: Physiologie des Sehens. Leipzig, Akad. Verlag. Geest & Portig K.-G. 1952, 393-408.
18) Takagi, K.: Effect of Figure Lines on the Structure of Visual Field. Jap. J. Psychol., 1927, 2, 217-261.
19) Werner, H.: Studies on contour: I. Qualitative analyses. Amer. J. Psychol., 1935, 47, 40-64.
20) Whitmer, C. A.: Peripheral form discrimination under dark adaptation. J. gen. Psychol., 1933, 9, 405-419.
21) Yokose, Z. & Uchiyama, M.: The Measurement of the Field-forces in Visual Perception. Jap. J. Psychol., 1952, 22, 41-56.
22) Yokose, Z. & Kawamura, H.: A Study of the Direction of the Field Force in Shape Perception. (Report No.1). Jap. J. Psychal., 1952, 23, 133-143.
23) Yokose, Z. & Ichikawa, N.: A Study of the Direction of the Field Force in Shape Perception. (Report No.2). Jap. J. Psychol., 1593, 23, (No.4), 261-274.
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: PDF FILE Details: -
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: TITLE Details: Wrong : THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS FIGURES UPON CRITICAL FUSION FREQUENCY (C. F. F) OF A FLICKERING SMALL PATCH
Right : THE EFFECT OF VARIOUS FIGURES UPON CRITICAL FUSION FREQUENCY (C.F.F) OF A FLICKERING SMALL PATCH
Date of correction: February 24, 2009 Reason for correction: - Correction: CITATION Details: Wrong : 1) Bartley, S. H.: The basis of the flicker in the visual field surrounding the testobject. J. exp. Psychol., 1936, 19, 342-350.
2) Bartley, S. H.: Vision. A Study of its Basis, NeW York, van Nostrand Co. 1941, 117-148.
3) Craik, K. J. W., & Zangwill, O, L.: Observations relating to the threshold of a small figure within the contour of a closed-line figure. Brit. J. Psychol., 1939, 30, 139-150.
4) Dayson, H. Physiology of Eye. London, J. & A. Churchill Lid. 1950, 121-131.
5) Diamond, A. L.: Foveal simultaneous brightness contrast as a function of inducing-and test-fieldtluminances. J. exp. Psycho., 1953, 45, 304-314.
6) Gelb, A.: Farbenpsychologische Untersuchungen. I. Gelb, A., and Granit, R.: Die Bedeutung von “Figure” und “Grund” für die Farbenschwelle. Zschr, f. Psychol., 1923, 93, 83-118.
7) Henes, R. M.: Some effects of shape on apparent brightness. J. exp. Psychol., 1950, 40, 650-654.
8) Kaneko, T. & Obonai, T.: Factors of Intensity, Quantity and Distance in Psychophysiological Induction. (Contributions to the Study of Psycho-physiological Induction. 39.) Jap. J. Psychol., 1952, 23, 73-79.
9) Motokawa, K.: Field of retinal induction and optical illusion. J. Neurophysiol., 1950, 13, 413-426.
10) Motokawa, K.: Propagation of retinal induction. J, Neurophysiol., 1951, 14, 339-351.
11) Motokawa, K.: Some remarks on measurements of electrical excitability of human eye. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1951, 54, 385-391.
12) Motokawa, K.: Retinal traces and visual perception of movement. J. exp. Psychol., 1953, 45, 369-377.
13) Motokawa, K. & Ebe, M.: The physiological mechanism of apparent movement. J. exp. Psychol., 1953, 45, 378-386.
14) Naruse, G.: The Influence of Form upon the Visual-perception-threshold. Jap. J. Psychol., 1951, 21, (No.3 & 4), 26-35.
15) Ohshima, M.: On iductionsphenomenon of retina. J. sci. of Labour, 1950, 26, 416-423.
16) Okada, T.: Studies on Contour-effect in Successive Exposition. Jap. J. Psychol., 1937, 12, 335-359.
17) Studnitz, G. von: Physiologie des Sehens. Leipzig, Akad. Verlag. Geest & Portig K.-G. 1952, 393-408.
18) Takagi, K.: Effect of Figure Lines on the Structure of Visual Field. Jap. J. Psychol., 1927, 2, 217-261.
19) Werner, H.: Studies on contour: I. Qualitative analyses. Amer. J. Psychol., 1935, 47, 40-64.
20) Whitmer, C. A.: Peripheral form discrimination under dark adaptation. J. gen. Psychol., 1933, 9, 405-419.
21) Yokose, Z. & Uchiyama, M.: The Measurement of the Field-forces in Visual Perception. Jap. J. Psychol., 1952, 22, 41-56.
22) Yokose, Z. & Kawamura, H.: A Study of the Direction of the Field Force in Shape Perception. (Report No.1). Jap. J. Psychal., 1952, 23, 133-143.
23) Yokose, Z. & Ichikawa, N.: A Study of the Direction of the Field Force in Shape Perception. (Report No.2). Jap. J. Psychol., 1593, 23, (No.4), 261-274.
Right : 1) Bartley, S. H.: The basis of the flicker in the visual field surrounding the testobject. J. exp. Psychol., 1936, 19, 342-350.
2) Bartley, S. H.: Vision. A Study of its Basis, NeW York, van Nostrand Co. 1941, 117-148.
3) Craik, K. J. W., & Zangwill, O, L.: Observations relating to the threshold of a small figure within the contour of a closed-line figure. Brit. J. Psychol., 1939, 30, 139-150.
4) Davson, H.: Physiology of Eye. London, J. & A. Churchill Lid. 1950, 121-131.
5) Diamond, A. L.: Foveal simultaneous brightness contrast as a function of inducing-and test-fieldtluminances. J. exp. Psychol., 1953, 45, 304-314.
6) Gelb, A.: Farbenpsychologische Untersuchungen. I. Gelb, A., und Granit, R.: Die Bedeutung von “Figure” und “Grund” für die Farbenschwelle. Zschr, f. Psychol., 1923, 93, 83-118.
7) Henes, R. M.: Some effects of shape on apparent brightness. J. exp. Psychol., 1950, 40, 650-654.
8) Kaneko, T. & Obonai, T.: Factors of Intensity, Quantity and Distance in Psychophysiological Induction. (Contributions to the Study of Psycho-physiological Induction. 39.) Jap. J. Psychol., 1952, 23, 73-79.
9) Motokawa, K.: Field of retinal induction and optical illusion. J. Neurophysiol., 1950, 13, 413-426.
10) Motokawa, K.: Propagation of retinal induction. J, Neurophysiol., 1951, 14, 339-351.
11) Motokawa, K.: Some remarks on measurements of electrical excitability of human eye. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1951, 54, 385-391.
12) Motokawa, K.: Retinal traces and visual perception of movement. J. exp. Psychol., 1953, 45, 369-377.
13) Motokawa, K.& Ebe, M.: The physiological mechanism of apparent movement.J. exp. Psychol., 1953, 45, 378-386.
14) Naruse, G.: The Influence of Form upon the Visual-perception-threshold.Jap. J. Psychol., 1951, 21,(No.3 & 4), 26-35.
15) Ohshima, M.: On Inductionsphenomenon of retina. J. sci. of Labour, 1950, 26, 416-423.
16) Okada, T.: Studies on Contour-effect in Successive Exposition. Jap. J. Psychol., 1937, 12, 335-359.
17) Studnitz, G. von: Physiologie des Sehens. Leipzig, Akad. Verlag. Geest & Portig K.-G. 1952, 393-408.
18) Takagi, K.: Effect of Figure Lines on the Structure of Visual Field. Jap. J. Psychol., 1927, 2, 217-261.
19) Werner, H.: Studies on contour: I. Qualitative analyses. Amer. J. Psychol., 1935, 47, 40-64.
20) Whitmer, C. A.: Peripheral form discrimination under dark sdaptation. J. gen. Psychol., 1933, 9, 405-419.
21) Yokose, Z. & Uchiyama, M.: The Measurement of the Field-forces in Visual Perception. Jap. J. Psychol., 1952, 22, 41-56.
22) Yokose, Z.& Kawamura, H.: A Study of the Direction of the Field Force in Shape Perception.(Report No.1). Jap. J. Psychal., 1952, 23, 133-143.
23) Yokose, Z.& Ichikawa, N.: A Study of the Direction of the Field Force in Shape Perception.(Report No.2). Jap. J. Psychol., 1593, 23,(No.4), 261-274.
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