THE LIMITS OF ATTENTION AND ITS EXPANSION

SHOICHI IWASAKI

doi:10.4992/psycholres1954.20.133

注意の範囲とその拡大

岩崎祥一

著者情報

ジャーナルフリー

1978 年 20 巻 3 号 p. 133-142

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/psycholres1954.20.133

詳細

発行日: 1978/12/30 受付日: 1978/06/20 J-STAGE公開日: 2009/02/24 受理日: - 早期公開日: - 改訂日: -
訂正情報
訂正日: 2009/02/24 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文抄録訂正内容: Wrong : The limits of attention was investigated. In Exp. 1, 12 subjects were told to respond to the central signal presented in the tachistoscope. The RTs were affected differentially by the kinds of the flanking noise letters, if the spacing between signal and noise letters was 0.5° of visual angle. However, the limits of attention could be expanded, when 10 subjects were exposed to a task adapted from the Stroop test (Exp. II). Another group of 12 subjects were tested with SOAs (stimulus onset asynchrony) inserted between target and noise onsets (Exp. III). The 30 msec lead of the noise lended to restore the noise-target interaction even at the spacing of 1.5°.
Right : The limits of attention was investigated. In Exp. I, 12 subjects were told to respond to the central signal presented in the tachistoscope. The RTs were affected differentially by the kinds of the flanking noise letters, if the spacing between signal and noise letters was 0.5° of visual angle. However, the limits of attention could be expanded, when 10 subjects were exposed to a task adapted from the Stroop test (Exp. II). Another group of 12 subjects were tested with SOAs (stimulus onset asynchrony) inserted between target and noise onsets (Exp. III). The 30 msec lead of the noise tended to restore the noise-target interaction even at the spacing of 1.5°.

訂正日: 2009/02/24 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 引用文献情報訂正内容: Wrong : BROADBENT, D. E. 1958 Perception and communica- tion. Oxford: Pergamon.
CORTEEN, R. S., & WOOD, B. 1972 Autonomic responses to shock-associated words in an unattended channel. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 94, 308-313.
DALLAS, M., & MER KLE, P. M. 1976 Semantic processing of non-attended visual information. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 30, 15-21.
ERIKSEN, BARBARA A., & ERIKSEN, C. W. 1974 Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a non-search task. Perception and Psychophysics, 16, 143-149.
ERIKSEN, C. W., & HOFFMAN, J. E. 1972 Temporal and spatial characteristics of selective encoding from visual displays. Perception and Psychophysics, 12, 201-204.
ESTES, W. K. 1972 Interaction of signal and background variables in visual processing. Perception and Psychophysics, 12, 278-286.
JENSEN, A. R., & ROHWER, W. D., Jr. 1966 The Stroop color-word test: A review. Acta Psychologica, 25, 36-93.
KEREN, G. 1976 Some considerations of two alleged kinds of selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105, 349- 374.
LEWIS, J. L. 1970 Semantic processing of unattended messages using dichotic listening. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 85, 225-228.
LOWE, D. G. 1975 Processing of information about location in brief visual displays. Perception and Psychophysics, 18, 309-316.
MERIKLE, P. M., COLTHEART, M., & LOWS, D. G. 1971 On the selective effects of a patterned masking stimulus. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 25, 264-279.
MORAY, N. 1969 Attention: Selective processes in vision and hearing. London: Hutehinson Educational.
RIGGS, L. A. 1965 Visual acuity. In C. H. Graham (Ed.), Vision and visual perception. New York: Wiley.
SHIFFRIN, R. M. 1975 The locus and role of attention in memory systems. In P. M. A. Rabbit & S. Dornic (Eds.), Attention and performance V, New York: Academic Press.
SHIFFRIN, R. M., & SCHNEIDER, W. 1977 Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.
TAYLER, D. A. 1977 Time course of context effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 106, 404-426.
TREISMAN, ANN M. 1969 Strategies and models of selective attention. Psychological Review, 76,282-299.
UNDERWOOD, G. 1976 Semantic interference from unattended printed words. British Journal of Psychology, 67, 327-338.
UNDERWOOD, G. 1977 Contextual facilitation from attended and unattended messages. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, 99-106.
VON WRIGHT, J. M., ANDERSON, K., & STENMAN, U. 1975 Generalization of conditioned GSRs in dichotic listening. In P. M. A. Rabbit & S. Dornic (Eds.), Attention and performance V, New York: Academic Press.
WARDLAW, K. A., & KROLL, N. E. A. 1976 Autonomic responses to shock-associated words in a non-attended message: A failure to replicate. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 357-360.

Right : BROADBENT, D. E. 1958 Perception and communication. Oxford: Pergamon.
CORTEEN, R. S., & WOOD, B. 1972 Autonomic responses to shock-associated words in an unattended channel. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 94, 308-313.
DALLAS, M., & MERIKLE, P. M. 1976 Semantic processing of non-attended visual information. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 30, 15-21.
ERIKSEN, BARBARA A., & ERIKSEN, C. W. 1974 Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a non-search task. Perception and Psychophysics, 16, 143-149.
ERIKSEN, C. W., & HOFFMAN, J. E. 1972 Temporal and spatial characteristics of selective encoding from visual displays. Perception and Psychophysics, 12, 201-204.
ESTES, W. K. 1972 Interaction of signal and background variables in visual processing. Perception and Psychophysics, 12, 278-286.
JENSEN, A. R., & ROHWER, W. D., Jr. 1966 The Stroop color-word test: A review. Ada Psychologica, 25, 36-93.
KEREN, G. 1976 Some considerations of two alleged kinds of selective attention., Journal of Erperineental Psychology: General, 105, 349-374.
LEWIS, J. L. 1970 Semantic processing of unattended messages using dichotic listening. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 85, 225-228.
LOWE, D. G. 1975 Processing of information about location in brief visual displays. Perception and Psychophysics, 18, 309-316.
MERIKLE, P. M., COLTHEART, M., & LOWE, D. G. 1971 On the selective effects of a patterned masking stimulus. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 25, 264-279.
MORAY, N. 1969 Attention: Selective processes in vision and hearing. London: Hutchinson Educational.
Rsoos, L. A. 1965 Visual acuity. In C. H. Graham (Ed.), Vision and visual perception. New York: Wiley.
SHIFFRIN, R. M. 1975 The locus and role of attention in memory systems. In P. M. A. Rabbit & S. Dornic (Eds.), Attention and performance V, New York: Academic Press.
SHIFFRIN, R. M., & SCHNEIDER, W. 1977 Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.
TAYLER, D. A. 1977 Time course of context effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 106, 404-426.
TREISMAN, ANN M. 1969 Strategies and models of selective attention. Psychological Review, 76, 282-299.
UNDERWOOD, G. 1976 Semantic interference from unattended printed words. British Journal of Psychology, 67, 327-338.
UNDERWOOD, G. 1977 Contextual facilitation from attended and unattended messages. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, 99-106.
VON WRIGHT, J. M., ANDERSON, K., & STENMAN, U. 1975 Generalization of conditioned GSRs in dichotic listening. In P. M. A. Rabbit & S. Dornic (Eds.), Attention and performance V, New York: Academic Press.
WARDLAW, K. A., & KROLL, N. E. A. 1976 Autonomic responses to shock-associated words in a non-attended message: A failure to replicate. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 357-360.

訂正日: 2009/02/24 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: PDFファイル訂正内容: -

訂正日: 2009/02/24 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 論文抄録訂正内容: Wrong : The limits of attention was investigated. In Exp. I, 12 subjects were told to respond to the central signal presented in the tachistoscope. The RTs were affected differentially by the kinds of the flanking noise letters, if the spacing between signal and noise letters was 0.5° of visual angle. However, the limits of attention could be expanded, when 10 subjects were exposed to a task adapted from the Stroop test (Exp. II). Another group of 12 subjects were tested with SOAs (stimulus onset asynchrony) inserted between target and noise onsets (Exp. III). The 30 msec lead of the noise tended to restore the noise-target interaction even at the spacing of 1.5°.
Right : The limits of attention was investigated. In Exp. 1, 12 subjects were told to respond to the central signal presented in the tachistoseope. The RTs were affected differentially by the kinds of the flanking noise letters, if the spacing between signal and noise letters was 0.5° of visual angle. However, the limits of attention could be expanded, when 10 subjects were exposed to a task adapted from the Stroop test (Exp. II). Another group of 12 subjects were tested with SOAs (stimulus onset asynchrony) inserted between target and noise onsets (Exp. III). The 30 msec lead of the noise tended to restore the noise-target interaction even at the spacing of 1.5°.

訂正日: 2009/02/24 訂正理由: - 訂正箇所: 引用文献情報訂正内容: Wrong : BROADBENT, D. E. 1958 Perception and communication. Oxford: Pergamon.
CORTEEN, R. S., & WOOD, B. 1972 Autonomic responses to shock-associated words in an unattended channel. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 94, 308-313.
DALLAS, M., & MERIKLE, P. M. 1976 Semantic processing of non-attended visual information. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 30, 15-21.
ERIKSEN, BARBARA A., & ERIKSEN, C. W. 1974 Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a non-search task. Perception and Psychophysics, 16, 143-149.
ERIKSEN, C. W., & HOFFMAN, J. E. 1972 Temporal and spatial characteristics of selective encoding from visual displays. Perception and Psychophysics, 12, 201-204.
ESTES, W. K. 1972 Interaction of signal and background variables in visual processing. Perception and Psychophysics, 12, 278-286.
JENSEN, A. R., & ROHWER, W. D., Jr. 1966 The Stroop color-word test: A review. Ada Psychologica, 25, 36-93.
KEREN, G. 1976 Some considerations of two alleged kinds of selective attention., Journal of Erperineental Psychology: General, 105, 349-374.
LEWIS, J. L. 1970 Semantic processing of unattended messages using dichotic listening. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 85, 225-228.
LOWE, D. G. 1975 Processing of information about location in brief visual displays. Perception and Psychophysics, 18, 309-316.
MERIKLE, P. M., COLTHEART, M., & LOWE, D. G. 1971 On the selective effects of a patterned masking stimulus. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 25, 264-279.
MORAY, N. 1969 Attention: Selective processes in vision and hearing. London: Hutchinson Educational.
Rsoos, L. A. 1965 Visual acuity. In C. H. Graham (Ed.), Vision and visual perception. New York: Wiley.
SHIFFRIN, R. M. 1975 The locus and role of attention in memory systems. In P. M. A. Rabbit & S. Dornic (Eds.), Attention and performance V, New York: Academic Press.
SHIFFRIN, R. M., & SCHNEIDER, W. 1977 Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.
TAYLER, D. A. 1977 Time course of context effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 106, 404-426.
TREISMAN, ANN M. 1969 Strategies and models of selective attention. Psychological Review, 76, 282-299.
UNDERWOOD, G. 1976 Semantic interference from unattended printed words. British Journal of Psychology, 67, 327-338.
UNDERWOOD, G. 1977 Contextual facilitation from attended and unattended messages. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, 99-106.
VON WRIGHT, J. M., ANDERSON, K., & STENMAN, U. 1975 Generalization of conditioned GSRs in dichotic listening. In P. M. A. Rabbit & S. Dornic (Eds.), Attention and performance V, New York: Academic Press.
WARDLAW, K. A., & KROLL, N. E. A. 1976 Autonomic responses to shock-associated words in a non-attended message: A failure to replicate. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 357-360.

Right : BROADBENT, D. E. 1958 Perception and communication. Oxford: Pergamon.
CORTEEN, R. S., & WOOD, B. 1972 Autonomic responses to shock-associated words in an unattended channel. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 94, 308-313.
DALLAS, M., & MERIKLE, P. M. 1976 Semantic processing of non-attended visual information. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 30, 15-21.
ERIKSEN, BARBARA A., & ERIKSEN, C. W. 1974 Effects of noise letters upon the identification of a target letter in a non-search task. Perception and Psychophysics, 16, 143-149.
ERIKSEN, C. W., & HOFFMAN, J. E. 1972 Temporal and spatial characteristics of selective encoding from visual displays. Perception and Psychophysics, 12, 201-204.
ESTES, W. K. 1972 Interaction of signal and background variables in visual processing. Perception and Psychophysics, 12, 278-286.
JENSEN, A. R., & ROHWER, W. D., Jr. 1966 The Stroop color-word test: A review. Acta Psychologica, 25, 36-93.
KEREN, G. 1976 Some considerations of two alleged kinds of selective attention. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 105, 349-374.
LEWIS, J. L. 1970 Semantic processing of unattended messages using dichotic listening. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 85, 225-228.
LOWE, D. G. 1975 Processing of information about location in brief visual displays. Perception and Psychophysics, 18, 309-316.
MERIKLE, P. M., COLTHEART, M., & LOWE, D. G. 1971 On the selective effects of a patterned masking stimulus. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 25, 264-279.
MORAY, N. 1969 Attention: Selective processes in vision and hearing. London: Hutchinson Educational.
RIGGS, L. A. 1965 Visual acuity. In C. H. Graham (Ed.), Vision and visual perception. New York: Wiley.
SHIFFRIN, R. M. 1975 The locus and role of attention in memory systems. In P. M. A. Rabbit & S. Dornic (Eds.), Attention and performance V, New York: Academic Press.
SHIFFRIN, R. M., & SCHNEIDER, W. 1977 Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending, and a general theory. Psychological Review, 84, 127-190.
TAYLER, D. A. 1977 Time course of context effects. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 106, 404-426.
TREISMAN, ANN M. 1969 Strategies and models of selective attention. Psychological Review, 76, 282-299.
UNDERWOOD, G. 1976 Semantic interference from unattended printed words. British Journal of Psychology, 67, 327-338.
UNDERWOOD, G. 1977 Contextual facilitation from attended and unattended messages. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 16, 99-106.
VON WRIGHT, J. M., ANDERSON, K., & STENMAN, U. 1975 Generalization of conditioned GSRs in dichotic listening. In P. M. A. Rabbit & S. Dornic (Eds.), Attention and performance V, New York: Academic Press.
WARDLAW, K. A., & KROLL, N. E. A. 1976 Autonomic responses to shock-associated words in a non-attended message: A failure to replicate. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2, 357-360.

抄録

The limits of attention was investigated. In Exp. 1, 12 subjects were told to respond to the central signal presented in the tachistoseope. The RTs were affected differentially by the kinds of the flanking noise letters, if the spacing between signal and noise letters was 0.5° of visual angle. However, the limits of attention could be expanded, when 10 subjects were exposed to a task adapted from the Stroop test (Exp. II). Another group of 12 subjects were tested with SOAs (stimulus onset asynchrony) inserted between target and noise onsets (Exp. III). The 30 msec lead of the noise tended to restore the noise-target interaction even at the spacing of 1.5°.

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